Der Zugriff auf Excel-Dateien und -Funktionen mit C# ist eigentlich recht einfach. Zunächst muss ein Verweis auf die COM-Bibliothek Microsoft Excel 11.0 Object Library hinzugefügt und dann noch der entsprechende Namespace inkludiert werden mittels:
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using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
Änderungen bei Excel 2007: Es muss die COM-Bibliothek Microsoft Excel 12.0 Object Library verwendet werden.
Dann kann man munter drauflos programmieren, vielleicht wie folgt:
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// benötigte Objekte vorbereiten
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Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application excel = null;
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Workbook wb = null;
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try
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{
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// Excel starten
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excel.Visible = false;
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// Datei öffnen
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wb = excel.Workbooks.Open(
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this.dateiname,
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ExcelKonstanten.UpdateLinks.DontUpdate,
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ExcelKonstanten.ReadOnly,
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ExcelKonstanten.Format.Nothing,
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"", // Passwort
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"", // WriteResPasswort
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ExcelKonstanten.IgnoreReadOnlyRecommended,
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XlPlatform.xlWindows,
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"", // Trennzeichen
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ExcelKonstanten.Editable,
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ExcelKonstanten.DontNotifiy,
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ExcelKonstanten.Converter.Default,
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ExcelKonstanten.DontAddToMru,
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ExcelKonstanten.Local,
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ExcelKonstanten.CorruptLoad.NormalLoad);
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// Arbeitsblätter lesen
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Sheets sheets = wb.Worksheets;
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// ein Arbeitsblatt auswählen…
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Worksheet ws = (Worksheet)sheets.get_Item("Blatt 1");
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// …oder eine Zelle
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Range range = (Range)ws.get_Range("A1", "A1");
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// deren Wert auslesen
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string zellwert = range.Value2.ToString();
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}
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finally
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{
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wb.Close(false, null, null);
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excel.Quit();
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}
Ich habe mir der Einfachheit halber die Werte, die als Parameter für die Methode Worbook.Workbooks.Open benötigt werden, in eine kleine Hilfsklasse geschrieben. Die Werte habe ich von der Microsoft-Seite.
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/// <summary>
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/// Diese Klasse enthält alle Konstanten, die beim Zugriff auf Excel
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/// benötigt werden. Die Beschreibungen sind von Microsoft übernommen
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/// und daher noch auf Englisch.
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/// </summary>
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private static class ExcelKonstanten
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// Specifies the way links in the file are updated. If this
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/// argument is omitted, the user is prompted to specify how
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/// links will be updated. Otherwise, this argument is one of
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/// the values listed in the following table.
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/// </summary>
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public enum UpdateLinks
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{
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DontUpdate = 0,
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ExternalOnly = 1,
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RemoteOnly = 2,
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ExternalAndRemote = 3
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};
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/// <summary>
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/// True to open the workbook in read-only mode.
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/// </summary>
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public const bool ReadOnly = true;
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public const bool ReadWrite = false;
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/// <summary>
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/// If Microsoft Excel is opening a text file, this argument
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/// specifies the delimiter character, as shown in the following
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/// table. If this argument is omitted, the current delimiter
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/// is used.
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/// </summary>
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public enum Format
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{
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Tabs = 1,
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Commas = 2,
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Spaces = 3,
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Semicolons = 4,
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Nothing = 5,
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CustomCharacter = 6
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};
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/// <summary>
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/// True to have Microsoft Excel not display the read-only
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/// recommended message (if the workbook was saved with the
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/// Read-Only Recommended option).
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/// </summary>
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public const bool IgnoreReadOnlyRecommended = true;
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public const bool DontIgnoreReadOnlyRecommended = false;
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/// <summary>
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/// If the file is a Microsoft Excel 4.0 add-in, this argument
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/// is True to open the add-in so that its a visible window.
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/// If this argument is False or omitted, the add-in is opened
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/// as hidden, and it cannot be unhidden. This option doesn’t
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/// apply to add-ins created in Microsoft Excel 5.0 or later.
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/// If the file is an Excel template, True to open the specified
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/// template for editing. False to open a new workbook based on
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/// the specified template. The default value is False.
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/// </summary>
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public const bool Editable = true;
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public const bool NotEditable = false;
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/// <summary>
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/// If the file cannot be opened in read/write mode, this
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/// argument is True to add the file to the file notification
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/// list. Microsoft Excel will open the file as read-only, poll
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/// the file notification list, and then notify the user when
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/// the file becomes available. If this argument is False or
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/// omitted, no notification is requested, and any attempts to
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/// open an unavailable file will fail.
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/// </summary>
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public const bool Notify = true;
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public const bool DontNotifiy = false;
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/// <summary>
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/// The index of the first file converter to try when opening
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/// the file. The specified file converter is tried first; if
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/// this converter doesnt recognize the file, all other converters
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/// are tried. The converter index consists of the row numbers
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/// of the converters returned by the FileConverters property.
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/// </summary>
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public enum Converter
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{
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Default = 0
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};
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/// <summary>
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/// True to add this workbook to the list of recently used files.
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/// The default value is False.
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/// </summary>
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public const bool AddToMru = true;
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public const bool DontAddToMru = false;
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/// <summary>
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/// True saves files against the language of Microsoft Excel
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/// (including control panel settings). False (default) saves
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/// files against the language of Visual Basic for Applications
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/// (VBA) (which is typically US English unless the VBA project
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/// where Workbooks.Open is run from is an old internationalized
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/// XL5/95 VBA project).
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/// </summary>
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public const bool Local = true;
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public const bool NotLocal = false;
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public enum CorruptLoad
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{
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NormalLoad = 0,
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RepairFile = 1,
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ExtractData = 2
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};
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}
